U.S. Navy photo by Ensign John Gay:::Off the coast of Pusan, South Korea, July 7, 1999 -- An F/A-18 Hornet assigned to Strike Fighter Squadron One Five One (VFA-151) breaks the sound barrier in the skies over the Pacific Ocean. VFA-151 is deployed aboard USS Constellation (CVN 64).
The term sonic boom is commonly used to refer to the shocks caused by the supersonic flight of an aircraft. Sonic booms generate enormous amounts of sound energy, sounding much like an explosion.
The term supersonic is used to define a speed that is over the speed of sound (Mach 1). Mach 1 speed is when an object in dry air at 20 °C (68 °F) travels at 343 m/s, (1,125 ft/s, 768 mph or 1,236 km/h). Speeds greater than 5 times the speed of sound are often referred to as hypersonic. Mach 1 barrier when crossed by supersonic jets can be an interesting visual as well as an audible phenomenon.
This picture shows an Air Force F-22 Raptor aircraft participating in an exercise in the Gulf of Alaska June 22, 2009 as it executes a supersonic flyby over the flight deck of the aircraft carrier USS John C. Stennis.
This kind of visual phenomenon can also be seen with nuclear blasts, at the time of space shuttle launches, modern firearm bullets and rifle shots. The phenomenon is not well studied. Scientists refer to it as a vapor cone, shock collar, or shock egg, and it's thought to be created by what's called a Prandtl–Glauert singularity.
As per the scientists a layer of water droplets gets trapped between two high-pressure surfaces of air. In humid conditions, condensation can gather in the trough between two crests of the sound waves produced by the jet. This effect does not necessarily coincide with the breaking of the sound barrier, although it can.
Most modern fighter aircraft are supersonic, but Concorde and the Tupolev Tu-144 were the only supersonic passenger aircraft. Since Concorde's final retirement flight on November 26, 2003, there are no supersonic passenger aircraft left in service. Some large bombers, such as the Tupolev Tu-160 and Rockwell/Boeing B-1B are also supersonic-capable.
Original Story: What Supersonic Looks Like :: www.livescience.com The site chronicles the daily advances and innovations made in science and technology. They take on the misconceptions that often pop up around scientific discoveries and deliver short, provocative explanations with a certain wit and style.
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